Novel Point-of-Care, Finger-Prick Test for Trichomoniasis
Test helps curb common STI, gives results in five minutes, and may cost about $20
PULLMAN, WA — A quick, affordable diagnostic test developed by a Washington State University (WSU) researcher may help curb one of the most prevalent but least discussed sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
More common than chlamydia or gonorrhea, trichomoniasis (trich)—caused by Trichomonas vaginalis—shows no symptoms in about 70 percent of those infected. Even when asymptomatic, trich is linked to a host of bad health outcomes, including increased susceptibility to HIV, prostate cancer in men, and infertility and pregnancy complications in women.
If diagnosed, trich is easily curable with a drug called metronidazole, and WSU researcher, John Alderete, PhD, has been working for years to improve testing and make it more accessible. His latest development, detailed in Pathogens, is a new finger-prick test that delivers results in five minutes and can be produced for under $20.
“We know a lot about the biology of this organism,” said Alderete, the study lead author and professor in WSU’s School of Molecular Biosciences. “There probably will never be a vaccine for trich simply because the organism is well equipped to evade our immune responses. But I’d argue we don't need a vaccine. We just need to diagnose people, and once diagnosed, they can be cured.”
Advantages of the new finger-prick test for trichomoniasis
Currently, trich is often only diagnosed when symptoms are present, which include genital itchiness and a burning sensation during urination. The tests in use now are focused on diagnosing women and involve a vaginal swab. It takes time to get results, and the tests require trained personnel as well as specialized equipment. Other methods recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration also have similar limitations.
As detailed in this study, the new test requires only a drop of blood to detect an antibody specific to trich. Alderete previously identified this biomarker, an α-actinin protein unique to this organism named ACT::SOE3 in earlier research. Both men and women make the antibody when they are infected.
Alderete, working with co-author Dr. Hermes Chan, CEO, co-founder, MedMira Inc, used the diagnostic platform of the company for his finger-prick test to detect antibodies to the target protein. Similar to COVID-19 and pregnancy tests, the results are displayed in a window with a dot appearing if the antibody is present, indicating infection.
It is a point-of-care diagnostic test, meaning, positive results lead to immediate treatment and cure of a person. The test does not require specialized training and equipment to administer.
The goal was to meet the WHO “ASSURED” standards—which stands for affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end users—for disease detection. Since trich is a worldwide problem with an estimated 156 million new cases each year, Alderete hopes the test can ultimately be used in many countries with limited resources, particularly in places like Africa, where trich is suspected to be a contributing factor in the spread of HIV.
The test can have many benefits in the US as well. Alderete estimated there are more than 9.2 million cases annually based on incidence rates and census data. One study found that 50 percent of pregnant women had persistent undiagnosed infections—a significant concern since trich is associated with preterm membrane rupture, preterm birth, and low infant birth weight.
“Trich is the most common STI you've probably never heard of,” he said. “This STI may be the most neglected among the other curable STIs. We just have not done a good job in medicine to educate people. One of the major problems is that most people are asymptomatic. In other words, you may have it, but you don't know you have it until you have a really bad problem.”
Patent protection on the new test is in process.
- This press release was originally published on the Washington State University website