Today's Clinical Lab - News, Editorial and Products for the Clinical Laboratory
A female patient talks to a clinician; both wear face masks.
RECOVER trials are designed to individually and collectively accelerate the identification of safe and effective treatments for some of the most debilitating symptoms of long COVID.
iStock, FG Trade

New NIH Trials to Evaluate Long COVID Treatments

Phase 2 clinical trials aimed to quickly identify, test, and offer the most effective long COVID treatment options

National Institutes of Health
Published:Aug 01, 2023
|4 min read
Register for free to listen to this article
Listen with Speechify
0:00
4:00

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently launched and is opening enrollment for Phase 2 clinical trials to swiftly evaluate at least four potential treatments for long COVID, with additional clinical trials to test at least seven more treatments, including drugs, biologics, medical devices, and other therapies, expected in the coming months. 

Part of the NIH’s Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) initiative, the trials were informed by findings from other RECOVER research over the past two years and focus on several symptoms described as most burdensome by people experiencing long COVID. With its complementary research efforts, RECOVER has positioned NIH to design and conduct trials that have the potential to provide long COVID patients with relief sooner than any individual study can alone.

“We know that when patients are suffering, we can never move fast enough,” said NIH’s acting director Lawrence A. Tabak, DDS, PhD. “NIH is committed to a highly coordinated and scientifically rigorous approach to find treatments that will provide relief for the millions of people living with long COVID.”

What is RECOVER? What are its contributions to COVID-19 research?

RECOVER is a large, nationwide research program designed to understand, treat and prevent long COVID, which is marked by long-term symptoms following infection by SARS-CoV-2. The initial stage of the initiative involved launching large, observational, multisite studies examining and following people through their experience with COVID-19 to learn why some people develop long-term symptoms while others recover completely.

These studies are ongoing and have recruited more than 24,000 participants to date. Researchers also are analyzing 60 million electronic health records and conducting more than 40 pathobiology studies on how COVID-19 affects different body tissues and organs. Data gleaned from these efforts helped shape the development of the Phase 2 clinical trials, which test the safety and effectiveness of treatments typically in groups of 100–300 participants.

“Hundreds of RECOVER investigators and research participants are working hard to uncover the biological causes of long COVID. The condition affects nearly all body systems and presents with more than 200 symptoms,” said Walter J. Koroshetz, MD, director of the NIH’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and co-lead of the RECOVER Initiative. “Recognizing that more than one solution is likely needed, we’ve taken the lessons learned from RECOVER participants to design rigorous clinical trial platforms that will identify treatments for persons with different symptom clusters to improve their function and well-being.”

Platform protocols of RECOVER

The trials launched recently will focus on viral persistence and cognitive dysfunction using “platform protocols,” a term used to describe the adaptive design of these trials.

  • RECOVER-VITAL will initially focus on a treatment targeting SARS-CoV-2 persistence, which could occur if the virus stays in the body and causes the immune system to not function properly or damage the organs. The first intervention will test a longer dose regimen of the antiviral Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) than is used for treating acute COVID-19 to see if it improves the symptoms of patients with long COVID. Paxlovid is provided by Pfizer, Inc., NYC, and is currently approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. The first trial sites have been activated and are enrolling.
  • RECOVER-NEURO will examine accessible interventions for cognitive dysfunction related to long COVID, including brain fog, memory problems, and difficulty with attention, thinking clearly and problem-solving. Interventions under this protocol will include
    • a web-based brain training program, called BrainHQ, which has been used to improve cognitive function,
    • PASC-Cognitive Recovery, a web-based goal management training program, which has been used to improve executive function, and 
    • a device used for home-based transcranial direct current stimulation, which has been demonstrated to help brain activity and blood flow. 

Trial sites are currently being activated. Additional trials, based on the below platform protocols still under review, will launch in the coming months:

  • RECOVER-SLEEP will test interventions for changes in sleep patterns or ability to sleep after having COVID-19. A trial for hypersomnia, or excessive daytime sleepiness, will test two wakefulness-promoting drugs compared to placebo. A second trial for sleep disturbances, such as problems falling or staying asleep, will test other interventions designed to improve sleep quality to learn if these interventions may help regulate sleep patterns in adults with long COVID.
  • RECOVER-AUTONOMIC will examine interventions to help treat symptoms associated with problems in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The initial trial will focus on postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a disorder with a number of symptoms including irregular heartbeat, dizziness, and fatigue, and will have multiple study arms. The first arm will evaluate a treatment used for immune diseases versus a placebo. The second arm will evaluate a drug currently used to treat chronic heart failure in people with an elevated heart rate versus a placebo. Participants within each arm will then be randomized to receive either more intensive coordinated care that does not involve additional medication or usual care.

A fifth platform protocol, focusing on exercise intolerance and fatigue, is under development with input from the patient community and scientific experts.

All trials are designed to individually and collectively accelerate the identification of safe and effective treatments for some of the most debilitating symptoms of long COVID. Study interventions were reviewed by teams of scientists and patient representatives and approved by NIH leadership based on ideas submitted through a May 2022 request for applications.

“Clinical trials to test effective treatments and interventions are a core component of the whole-of-government response to long COVID,” said Adm. Rachel L. Levine, MD, assistant health secretary, Department of Health and Human Services. “Coupled with adequate support and services, access to clinical care, and up-to-date information on what we know about long COVID, we can work toward relief for individuals and families impacted most.”

Enrolling participants in RECOVER

RECOVER is committed to enrolling a study population that is inclusive and representative of the communities most affected by long COVID. Study sites will partner with local communities to raise awareness about long COVID and offer opportunities to participate in the RECOVER clinical trials. Researchers developed the trials with extensive feedback from patient representatives, experts in the symptom areas, proposed interventions, and after rigorous proposal reviewing.

A data and safety monitoring board made up of an independent group of experts will monitor participant safety throughout the trial and provide recommendations. “Our patient and community representatives have provided critical input to help us ensure that the results of these trials are applicable to people across the country and become available as soon as possible,” said Kanecia Zimmerman, MD, PhD, MPH, principal investigator of the RECOVER Clinical Trials Data Coordinating Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.

Trials will continue to launch and enroll participants on a rolling basis. Enrollment will take place at clinical research sites located throughout the United States. A track record for enrolling diverse participants was a key criterion for site selection. These trials will follow a traditional clinical trial recruitment strategy in that sites will contact their patients and residents in their local communities to enroll in the trials.

- This press release was originally published on the National Institutes of Health website