The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein systems (CRISPR/Cas) are bacterial and archaeal adaptive immunity systems, capable of protecting cells from invading nucleic acids. Of these, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is used for genome editing, as the Cas9 protein targets and binds specific DNA sequences. Here we explore the timeline of discovery and development of the CRISPR/Cas system, from the identification of a distinct repetitive sequence to the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing and beyond.
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